還輯乃是一門研究推論結構的形式科學，著眼於論證的形式結構，前提與結論之間的形式關係，一方面以評斷論證的正確與否（演繹論證的有效性），另一方面對於有效論證可藉由邏輯規則與證明方法，從前提形式推演出結論。本門課將介紹邏輯的基本概念、邏輯推論規則、以及論證有效性的檢定與證明，以引導學習者進入當代邏輯，內容將包括命題邏輯與述詞邏輯兩大部份。本門課第三部份將介紹與邏輯有關的一些哲學問題。本門課第四部份將介紹非形式邏輯以及歸納推論，包括枚舉歸納法、最佳解釋推論、類比推論，以及其他類型的推論，例如因果推論及米爾五法。
Logic is a formal science. It deals with the formal structure of an argument/inference. Logic attempts to show how to evaluate an argument. It also concerns how to construct rigorous proofs: How to use inference rules to derive the conclusion from the premises of an argument. This course will introduce basic concepts in logic and inference rules and proof both in Propositional Logic and in Predicate Logic. This course will also introduce some philosophical considerations about logic. In the last few weeks of this course, we will also introduce informal logics as well as inductive inferences, the latter including enumerative induction, inference to the best explanation, and analogical inference. Other types of inferences such as causal reasoning and Mill's Methods will also be covered.